• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    Device for compensating for extraction of natural gas (g) from a natural gas field (G), in particular to prevent subsidence of layers and / or earthquakes lying above the natural gas field, comprising: - one or more supply channels (1) adapted to compensate for supplying gas to the natural gas field; and - one or more compressors, arranged for pressing gas (F) through the one or more supply channels (1), said one or more compressors generating heat during operation, the device being provided with at least one heat reservoir to heat up to be released when the one or more compressors are used. The invention further relates to a method for storing energy, comprising supplying gas, for example air or nitrogen, to an underground gas field, for example natural gas field, the method comprising: compressing the gas, whereby heat is released during compression, wherein at least a portion of the heat released is stored in a heat reservoir.
    公开号:NL2017164A
    申请号:NL2017164
    申请日:2016-07-14
    公开日:2016-09-27
    发明作者:Ludgerus Lubertus Hijlkema Bernardus；Knoors Bastian
    申请人:Nippellnventions；Liandon B V；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Title: Device and method to compensate for the extraction of natural gas from a natural gas field.
    The invention relates to a device for compensating for extraction of natural gas from a natural gas field, comprising one or more supply channels adapted to supply a compensation gas to the natural gas field.
    Natural gas is an important source of energy. Natural gas is usually extracted from natural gas fields. A natural gas field (also called a "gas bubble") is usually located relatively deep in the soil, for example at a depth of 1 km or more. The natural gas field is in particular in one or more underground layers (of sandstone), usually enclosed under a gas-tight underground layer.
    The main component of such a natural gas field or natural gas bubble is methane (for example at least about 80%). Furthermore, the natural gas field may contain other hydrocarbons, and inert gases such as nitrogen, argon and / or carbon dioxide. A number of wells are usually made to extract the natural gas (e. Natural gas). The natural gas, which usually has a super atmospheric pressure, can then be extracted from the field.
    It has been found that natural gas extraction can lead to problems, in particular local vibrations or earthquakes and associated damage to the environment. A possible cause of such vibrations or earthquakes is a pressure drop in the gas bubble associated with gas extraction, which can cause sudden shifts of fracture surfaces relative to each other. It has been proposed to solve this problem by pumping nitrogen into the gas field to compensate for the discharge of natural gas from the field, in particular to keep the pressure in the gas field at a certain output level. A major disadvantage of this solution is its relatively high cost price.
    The present invention has for its object to eliminate or at least reduce said problems. In particular, the invention contemplates an improvement of natural gas extraction in which damage to the environment can be prevented in an efficient and economically favorable manner. A further object of the invention is to improve energy supply.
    According to an aspect of the invention, a device is provided for this purpose which is characterized by the features of claim 1.
    The device for compensating for extraction of natural gas from a natural gas field comprises: - one or more supply channels adapted to supply compensation gas to the natural gas field; and - one or more compressors, arranged for pressing gas through the one or more supply channels, said one or more compressors generating heat during operation, the device being provided with at least one heat reservoir to store heat which, when using the one or more compressors is released.
    Advantageously, a device for compensating for extraction of natural gas from a natural gas field, in particular for preventing subsidence of layers of earth and / or earthquakes above the natural gas field, comprises: - one or more supply channels adapted to provide one or more compensation gases to the natural gas field to feed; and at least one first gas source which can be coupled to the one or more supply channels and which contains a non-inert gas.
    In this way, a particularly efficient compensation of gas extraction can be achieved (in particular to counteract a pressure reduction caused by gas extraction in the gas field), simply by supplying a non-inert gas. According to an additional advantageous development of the invention, the non-inert gas consists of air. The air can be, for example, ambient or atmospheric air.
    According to a further elaboration, the device is designed for introducing the same or a larger amount of non-inert gas into the gas field per unit of time as the amount of natural gas to be extracted from the gas field during that unit of time
    A complete compensation can be achieved in this way. Furthermore, by supplying a larger amount of compensation gas to the natural gas field, pressure in the gas field can be increased. An additional advantage is that the gas field can be used as energy storage. Gas present in the gas field can herein in particular function as a bulky energy storage medium for storing (potential) energy, the energy storage being equivalent to an increase in pressure in the gas field. The energy can then be easily extracted from the energy storage medium by discharging gas (i.e. conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy).
    According to an additional advantageous elaboration of the invention, the device is configured for adding an inert gas as a separation layer between natural gas in the gas field and the non-inert gas.
    In this way an undesired chemical reaction between non-inert gas and the natural gas can be prevented.
    The device is preferably further provided with at least one second gas source which can be coupled to the supply channels and which contains an inert gas. The inert gas can be, for example, nitrogen, or flue gas, or an oxygen-free gas, or, for example, a combination of such gases.
    According to an embodiment, the device can be provided with one or more supply channels from ground level to or / and in the bottom of a natural gas bubble. Furthermore, one or more supply channels on the ground level can be connected with compressed vapor circuit air compressors and accessories for pressing large quantities of compressed vapor circuit air through those pipes. In addition, the device can be provided with a fine-meshed pipeline system, preferably extending over the entire soil, which is coupled to said supply channel or said supply channels and in which there are maximally distributed billions of small outflow openings for the flow of the natural gas bubble to flow out as gradually as possible over the entire bottom of the natural gas bubble. compressed vapor circulating air supplied.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the one or more supply channels are adapted to supply compensation gas to the field at a vertical level near a bottom of the gas field. In this way, the compensation gas can displace the natural gas near or from the bottom of the gas field.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the one or more supply channels are adapted to supply gas to the field at a vertical level above a bottom of the gas field. Preferably, said compensation gas can displace the natural gas over a relatively large vertical distance, for example viewed sideways from the supply channel. The channel can for this purpose be arranged (for example with a series of outflow openings) for introducing gas at different vertical positions in the natural gas field.
    Preferably, said supply channel is adapted to supply gas dosed to the field from different positions, wherein, for example, a specific dosage per position is adjustable or has already been set. For example, the channel can be adapted to supply a first quantity / flow of gas (m3 / s) from a first (for example relatively low position), and to supply a second position (for example a position that is higher than the first position) to supply a second quantity / flow rate of gas (m3 / s). The second quantity / flow rate of gas differs (is for example smaller) than the first quantity of gas, in order to achieve a mutually different dosage.
    According to a further elaboration, the gas field is penetrated through the one or more supply channels, wherein during use compensation gas is introduced into the gas field via the one or more supply channels such that the compensation gas reaches both a bottom layer (gas field bottom) and top layer (gas field top), and in particular such that the compensation gas forms a barrier between an outer side (extending in the gas field) of each of the one or more supply channels and natural gas present in the gas field.
    The term "gas source" must be understood broadly. Said first gas source can for instance comprise one or more compressors, for instance air compressors, in particular arranged for pressing the non-inert gas through the one or more supply channels.
    Similarly, said second gas source may comprise, for example, one or more compressors, in particular arranged for pressing the inert gas through the one or more supply channels. The second gas source may further comprise one or more reservoirs for storing that inert gas, production means for producing that inert gas, and the like.
    Said one or more compressors can generate a considerable amount of heat during operation. According to the invention, the device is provided with at least one heat reservoir to store heat that is released when the one or more compressors are used.
    In an additional advantageous aspect, the device comprises means for storing energy in the gas field in the form of rising pressure, for example rising compressed air pressure. To use energy stored in the field, the device can further be provided with at least one electricity generator which is drivable by energy stored in the gas field. It is possible here that the drive is accompanied by decompression of gas discharged from the gas field. Such decompression usually leads to heat loss or cooling. In that case it is particularly advantageous if the device is arranged to at least partially compensate for a cooling associated with this decompression by using heat from said heat reservoir. A particularly environmentally friendly and efficient heat storage can thus be achieved.
    Furthermore, an embodiment comprises a method for compensating for extraction of natural gas from a natural gas field, in particular for preventing sagging of layers of nature lying above the natural gas field, comprising: - supplying a non-inert compensation gas (for example air) to the natural gas field.
    The above advantages can be achieved with this. Preferably, an inert compensation gas is supplied to the gas field before the non-inert compensation gas is supplied to the gas field, in particular such that the inert compensation gas forms a separation between the natural gas and the non-inert gas. Furthermore, it appears to be advantageous, in particular with gas fields that are relatively thin (e.g. with a vertical dimension of approximately 100 m) relative to horizontal dimensions (e.g. more than 1 km), when the compensation gas is located between a gas field bottom and gas field top part of that field. With this, pressure reduction in the gas field can be efficiently prevented, and in particular different compensation gases (for example first an inert gas as a concentric outer buffer and then a non-inert gas in a concentric inner layer) can be used. Said compensation gases can herein form one or more vertical columns in the natural gas field, at least respective supply channels 1 (concentrically) surrounded. A height of such a column can for instance amount to more than 10 m, in particular more than 50 m, which depends, for example, on the local height of the gas field (ie a distance between a gas field bottom and gas field top, at or near a location where the compensation gas is introduced into the gas field).
    An application which can make use of the innovative method comprises a method for storing energy, wherein gas is supplied to an underground gas field, for example natural gas field. Thus, a generally voluminous underground gas field can be used as an energy buffer. A volume of such a gas field can for instance be at least 0.1 km x 1 km x 1 km. The gas to be used in this process may include, for example, air, or nitrogen, flue gas, waste gas, or a combination of these or other gases.
    An aspect of the invention provides a method characterized by the features of claim 22.
    The method comprises compressing the gas, whereby heat is released during compression (for example, is extracted from the gas), wherein the heat thus released is at least partly stored in a heat reservoir.
    An aspect of the invention provides a method for generating electricity, for example in combination with a method described above, comprising discharging compressed gas, for example compressed air, from an underground gas field, for example natural gas field, to drive a generator.
    According to an embodiment, the gas can be decompressed, whereby a cooling associated with this decompression is at least partially compensated for using heat from a said heat reservoir.
    As follows from the above, an aspect of the invention comprises a method for introducing atmospheric air into natural gas fields, optionally with the addition of nitrogen gas.
    Addition of nitrogen gas in the form of a separation layer between the natural gas and the atmospheric air for the purpose of excluding the risk of explosion is possible here.
    Fresh water floats on salt water because the specific gravity of fresh water is -2.5% lighter than that of salt water. Diesel oil floats on water because the specific weight of diesel oil is -15.8% lighter than that of water. Natural gas floats on atmospheric air because the specific mass of natural gas is -35.4% lighter than that of atmospheric air. Therefore, according to an aspect of the invention, natural gas can be driven up from a natural gas bubble by introducing vapor-circulating air with a substantially equal pressure value than the gas pressure prevailing in the natural gas bubble on and / or in the bottom of a natural gas bubble and can at the same time from the highest point or the highest points of the natural gas bubble an equal amount of natural gas is extracted from that natural gas bubble without this natural gas extraction leading to a change in the state of the natural gas bubble and the natural gas field as well as that of its environment and the soil package above that natural gas field. With this, earth subsidence and earthquakes that are now the result of current natural gas extraction will no longer or to a lesser extent occur or need to occur.
    A state in which a quantity of fresh groundwater floats on salt groundwater is a phenomenon that is found in soils everywhere in the world and is widely known. If the groundwater does not flow too strongly, this is a situation that can be described as relatively stable in which the mixing of fresh and salt water occurs only to a limited extent or does not have to occur. For example, if an equal amount of colored diesel oil is poured into a glass-filled glass portion, the diesel oil will almost immediately start floating on the water, the separation between the water and the oil being very clearly visible. Moreover, in that state the glass with that content can be shaken quite firmly without mixing of the oil and the water. The cause of this convincing result is due to the relatively large difference in specific gravity between water and oil. In comparison with these two examples above, the difference in mass between atmospheric air and natural gas is much greater and it can therefore be expected that, with an extremely gradual inflow of compressed air vapor from below, a pipeline system installed at the bottom and / or at the bottom of the natural gas bubble by countless number of small holes in the order of billions of volumes of air entering the atmosphere, will initially spread over the bottom of the natural gas bubble with a very low flow and then manifest as a blanket under the natural gas volume. Furthermore, due to the effect of gravity, the said large difference in mass will manifest the interface between the atmospheric air volume and the natural gas volume in the form of a substantially horizontal plane. By supplementing the atmosphere of the atmosphere from below, influencing of the interface between the atmosphere of the atmosphere and the natural gas in the form of vortex will practically not occur or need to occur. The temperature of the atmospheric atmosphere and the atmospheric humidity of the atmosphere should preferably have the same values as those of the natural gas in order to prevent swirling phenomena.
    As follows from the above, the introduction of a non-inert gas, for example air, can also be effected in an advantageous alternative manner. A more vertical columns or vertical shells of one or more compensating gases can herein be formed in the natural gas field, for example an annular outer barrier of inert gas and a volume of non-inert gas contained therein.
    By having the input of the volume of, for example, compressed-air circulating air per unit of time be exact or almost exact at the discharge of the volume of the natural gas and the pressure value of the compressed-vapor circulated air to be exactly or almost exactly that of the natural gas contained in the natural gas bubble there will be a question of maintaining the equilibrium situation in that soil, as a result of which subsidence of the upper layers of the earth does not have to or cannot occur and the earthquakes that now often occur do not have to or will occur, or at least will decrease. In the case of a state in which natural gas has been extracted from a natural gas field for some time, the introduction of a proportionally larger volume of atmospheric air (or another non-inert gas) relative to the volume then simultaneously extracted from that natural gas field may lead to a possible recovery of the subsidence of the subsidence of the subsidence above the natural gas field, so that the fall in the earth's surface, ground level, can be compensated by a rise in soil and the number of earthquakes will be stabilized or reduced.
    By, according to one of the embodiments of the invention, starting the injection of the natural gas bubble from the bottom of the natural gas bubble with the supply of nitrogen gas, due to the substantially comparable large mass mass of the nitrogen gas as that of the atmospheric circulating air, virtually all natural gas from the lower layer and bottom of the natural gas bubble are displaced upwards and a substantially horizontal interface between the natural gas and the nitrogen gas will thereby arise. Here too, mixing between these two gases due to the large difference in mass weight will be virtually impossible. The formation of an explosive mixture cannot occur.
    When, by injecting, the natural gas bubble will be filled to a certain extent with a said inert gas (for example nitrogen gas), for example for 10%, but preferably for a smaller percentage, it is possible to proceed with the introduction of a said non- inert gas (e.g. atmospheric air).
    Vapor cycle air has a mass weight of approximately 1.29 kg / m3 and nitrogen gas 1.26 kg / m3. The ratio between the mass weight of these two gases is almost comparable to the ratio between the specific weight of salt and fresh water. In the condition described above, the behavior between this gas combination and said liquid combination when it comes to forming and maintaining the contact surface between this gas combination and said liquid combination is virtually identical and mixing of these two gases will also be comparable or hardly necessary. to come.
    With the methodology and technology created in this way, a storage capacity can be created in which varying volumes of both natural gas and compensation gas (for example atmospheric air) can be present. With this, on the one hand, as much natural gas as possible can be displaced from the natural gas bubble, extracted, but this natural gas bubble can also be used for introducing imported natural gas at the top of the natural gas bubble for storage of that natural gas varying in volume. . At the same time, the compensation gas volume can serve to store energy in the form of increasing compensation gas pressure, for example, an increasing compressed air pressure by injecting more compressed air into the atmospheric air volume (if air is used as compensation gas). Due to the enormous volume of a natural gas bubble, an increase in that compensation gas pressure of just a few bars will already represent an enormous energy storage.
    The invention will now be further elucidated with reference to exemplary embodiments and the drawing. It shows:
    Figure 1 shows diagrammatically a vertical section of a gas field, with an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention, during the supply of a first compensation gas;
    Figure 2 shows such a drawing as Figs. 1, with the device during the supply of a second compensation gas; and
    Figure 3 shows a diagram of a use of a device according to the invention for energy storage.
    In this application, the same or corresponding measures are indicated by the same or corresponding reference numerals.
    Figures 1-3 schematically show a non-limitative example of a device for compensating for extraction of natural gas g from a natural gas field G (a part of which is shown), in particular for preventing sagging of layers of nature S2 lying above the natural gas field.
    The underground natural gas field G, which is known per se, is defined in this example by a layer containing natural gas (for example, from sandstone) between one or more upper layers S2 and a lower layer S1. An upper side of the natural gas-containing layer G is indicated by T, an underside of the natural gas-containing layer G is indicated by B. It will be clear that such a layer can be formed in different ways and can extend in different directions and orientations. Such a layer can be located at relatively large depth XI below ground level H, for example a depth XI of 1 km or more. The layer shown is relatively thin, with a thickness that is considerably smaller than said depth X2 (for example, a thickness of less than 200 m, in particular a thickness of approximately 100 m or less).
    For operation, one or more discharge channels 3 known per se are provided, with one or more discharge openings 4, for discharging natural gas g from the natural gas field G. As is known, such channels 3 are laid by means of wells. Measuring means 8, for example a steam meter, can be provided for measuring a gas flow (flow) of discharged natural gas g.
    As follows from Figure 1, the device is provided with one or more supply channels 1 (in this case only one) adapted to supply compensation gas to the natural gas field G, in particular to compensate for a decrease in pressure in the field. In this example, such supply channels 1 are located in particular at a distance from the one or more discharge channels 3. In an alternative embodiment, one or more of the discharge channels 3 can be used or switched over, in order to replace compensation gas with to supply the natural gas field G (in which case a channel can fulfill a dual function).
    Furthermore, the device comprises a first gas source 11 which can be coupled to the supply channel 1 and which contains a non-inert gas F, and a second gas source 12 which can be coupled to the supply channel 11 and which contains an inert gas N.
    As mentioned above, different compensation gases can be selected.
    The first compensation gas N, which can be supplied by a said first gas source 11, can comprise or consist entirely of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, flue gas or the like.
    In an extra advantageous, economically particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second (non-inert) gas comprises air. For example, that gas F can consist entirely of ambient air ("atmospheric air"). Alternatively, that gas may comprise, for example, flue gas, or a mixture of air with an inert gas (for example flue gas) and / or with other (inert or non-inert) gas, waste gas, or gases.
    The present device is designed for introducing the same or a larger amount of non-inert gas F per unit time into the gas field G that can be extracted from the gas field G during that unit of time. In this way, subsidence can be effectively prevented. The device is preferably provided with control means 5 for controlling compensation gas to be fed into the natural gas field G via one or more supply channels 1, preferably control means which are dependent on an amount of natural gas g to be extracted from the natural gas field and / or extracted. . Such control means can for instance comprise one or more valve means and the like, which are preferably operable automatically, for example under the influence of a control or controller. Alternatively or additionally, manual operation of such control means can be applied. The control means are preferably adapted to adjust the gas flow (flow rate, m3 / s) of compensation gas N, F to be pumped into the gas field on the basis of or using a gas flow from the gas field G determined by said measuring means 8 ( natural gas discharged instantaneously g.
    Preferably, the one or more supply channels 1 extend from ground level H to or / and into the bottom B of the gas field G. In the present example, the supply channel 1 penetrates the gas field, and the bottom B to reach the bottom layer S1.
    Various pumping means, one or more compressors and the like can be used for supplying the compensation gases N, F, which will be clear to the skilled person. The first gas source 11 and second gas source 12 can comprise one or more compressors (for example at least one joint compressor, or one or more separate compressors per gas source), in particular arranged for pressing the compensation gases through one or more feed channels 1 N, F. According to a further elaboration, one or more supply channels 1 at ground level H can be connected to compressed air circuit air compressors and accessories for pressing large quantities of compressed vapor circuit air F through those pipes 1 (if air is used as the second compensation gas).
    As follows from Figures 1-2, the present device is configured to add the inert gas N as a separation layer between natural gas g present in the gas field G and the non-inert gas F.
    According to an embodiment, the device can be provided with a fine-meshed pipe system (not shown) which is coupled to said supply channel or said supply channels and preferably extends over or into the entire bottom B, in which there are maximally distributed billions of small outflow openings for as gradually as possible over the entire let the bottom of the natural gas bubble flow out of the supplied compressed vapor loop air.
    According to the embodiment shown, the one or more supply channels 1 can be adapted to supply gas to the field at a vertical level above the bottom B of the gas field G. The one or more supply channels 11 (each) are preferably provided with a series of outflow openings 2 for supplying gas to the gas field G at different vertical levels (optionally metered in height). In this way a particularly efficient supply of compensation gases can be achieved. During use, for example, compensation gas can be introduced into the gas field via the one or more supply channels 1 such that the compensation gas N, F reaches both the bottom layer S1 (ie gas field bottom B) and top layer S2 (ie gas field tops T), and in particular such that the compensation gas N, F forms a barrier between an outer side of each of the one or more supply channels 1 and natural gas located in the gas field g. See for this Figures 1 and 2.
    Use of the device comprises in particular a method for compensating for extraction of natural gas g from the natural gas field G, in particular for preventing sagging of layers of earth lying above the natural gas field S2. Supply of compensation gas F, N can be carried out simultaneously with the extraction (i.e. instantaneous discharge) of natural gas g, but that is not essential. It is also possible that compensation gas is pumped in at a time when natural gas extraction (temporarily) stops.
    In the present additional advantageous embodiment, the inert compensation gas N is first supplied to the gas field G, as shown in Figure 1. The inert compensation gas N can be pressed into the gas field G via a supply channel 1 to prevent pressure reduction. In the drawing, the inert compensation gas N reaches both the bottom B and the top T of the gas field, and can completely enclose an outside of the supply channel 1 (located in the gas field). The inert compensation gas N forms, as it were, a column, at least a substantially annular or tubular barrier around the supply channel 1. However, this is not essential. The inert compensation gas N can also be introduced into the gas field in such a way that it does not initially reach the bottom B and / or the top T of the field G. For example, a substantially annular or tubular barrier around the supply channel 1 can only be formed during the introduction of a subsequent (non-inert) compensation gas F.
    After a certain amount of the inert compensation gas N has been pumped into the gas field G, the device switches to introducing the non-inert compensation gas F, which is shown in Figure 2. The inert compensation gas N here forms a separation between the natural gas g and the non-inert gas F. Switching between supplying one compensation gas to the other can take place abruptly, or via a gradual switchover (during which, for example, during a certain transition period a mixture of the gases N, F is pumped in).
    Preferably, a separation / barrier formed by the inert gas (between natural gas g and non-inert gas F) has a thickness of a few meters, for example approximately 10 m or more, and for example a barrier thickness of at least 50 m or at least 100 m The thickness of the barrier, or at least a related amount of inert gas to be introduced, depends, for example, on an amount of non-inert gas to be introduced.
    After a certain amount of the inert gas N has been introduced, the non-inert gas F is introduced, preferably via the one or more same supply channels 1 (and respective outflow openings 2). The compensation gases F, N then completely fill a local part of that field G extending between a gas field bottom B and gas field top T (see Figure 2). Danger of undesired reaction between natural gas g still present in the natural gas field and the non-inert gas F is prevented by the barrier formed by the inert gas N. Furthermore, it is achieved in this way that relatively little inert gas N is required to compensate for a drop in pressure due to natural gas extraction.
    The device shown in Figs. 1-2 can further be used as a device for storing energy in the gas field G in the form of rising pressure, for example rising compressed air pressure. Figure 3 shows a further elaboration of this. In particular, the compressed gas volume formed by the compensation gases F, N can serve as energy storage. During use, the device can pump such a quantity of non-inert gas F (for example air) via the one or more supply channels 1 into the gas field G (through one or more compressors 30) that the pressure rises a few bars with respect to an output pressure (and a certain excess pressure in the gas field G relative to the output pressure). Said output pressure can for instance be higher than 50 bar, for example higher than 80 bar, and for instance be approximately 85 bar. The energy required to effect said pressure rise may comprise, for example, surplus energy (e.g. residual current) from one or more energy generators, power plants, solar panels, wind turbines and the like, which surplus energy can be used to power one or more compressors of a said first gas source 11 to drive.
    The energy stored in the gas field G can be easily exploited by having a said overpressure in the gas field G decrease, in particular by discharging the non-inert gas F (which can take place, for example via one or more supply channels, by uncoupling the gas source and coupling to a gas outlet), or via one or more other channels 1 '. An energy generator 31, for example turbine or the like, can then be driven with the discharged gas F. Exploitation of the energy can for instance comprise a fluctuation / change of the pressure of the compensation gas F, N stored in the gas field G, within a certain pressure range, for example, within a bandwidth of plus and minus one or a few bars calculated from a basic pressure. By allowing relatively low pressure fluctuations during energy storage and energy collection, undesirable soil instability or movement is avoided.
    Note that said one or more compressors 30 can generate heat during operation. As Figure 3 shows, it is then advantageous if the device is provided with at least one heat reservoir 35 for storing heat that is released when the one or more compressors are used. Such a heat reservoir can be designed in various ways, for example as an underground water reservoir or aquifer to which the compressor heat can be supplied by means of a suitable heat exchanger means and heat supply line (s) 32, which will be clear to the skilled person. In addition, compressor heat can be used, for example, for heating homes and / or buildings (whether or not in combination with tap water heating), by supplying the compressor heat to it via a suitable heat sink 38.
    Figure 3 further shows that the device can be provided with at least one electricity generator 31 which is drivable by energy stored in the gas field. This drive may be accompanied by decompression of gas F. discharged from the gas field G. In that case, a particularly energy-efficient embodiment is that the device is arranged to at least partially compensate for a cooling associated with this decompression using heat from the gas. heat reservoir. To this end, heat can be removed from the heat buffer 35 via suitable heat exchanger means and one or more discharge lines 33.
    Use of the system shown diagrammatically in Figure 3 comprises a method for storing energy, comprising the supply of gas, for example air or nitrogen, or a mixture thereof, to the underground gas field, for example the natural gas field G. The gas supplied is compressed, an amount of heat released thereby is stored in the heat reservoir 35.
    If energy (in particular electricity) is to be generated, the generator 31 is driven. For this purpose compressed gas is discharged from the underground gas field and drives the generator 31. The gas is then decompressed. A cooling associated with this decompression can at least partly be compensated using heat from the heat reservoir 35.
    According to a further elaboration of the invention, the decompressed gas is stored for reuse, for example to be re-introduced into the gas field (after compression). To this end, the device is preferably provided with an additional gas storage (not shown), which can be located above ground or near ground level below ground (at least at a vertical level above the natural gas field G). This is particularly advantageous if the gas is not air, but for example nitrogen, a flue gas and / or the like. If only air is used as the gas to be decompressed, the air can, for example, be released to an environment after decompression.
    It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the examples described. Various changes are possible within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
    Thus, the term "gas" in this application is to be understood broadly, and may include a gas mixture or gaseous fluid.
    Furthermore, supplying gas to the gas field (or gas bubble) can be achieved in various ways, for example by supplying to a bottom of the field and / or elsewhere, which will be clear to the skilled person. The feed is preferably such that the gas supplied forms a vertical separation in the gas field.
    The non-inert gas can for example be an oxygen-containing gas, for example air.
    The inert gas may, for example, not contain oxygen, and may for example consist of a noble gas, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or flue gas, or of a combination of these or other inert gases.
    In the context of the present application, "inert gas" can be understood to mean that the gas will not undergo a chemical reaction with said natural gas under normal atmospheric conditions (20 ° C and a pressure of 1 atmosphere) (ie risk of explosion is excluded) .
    In the context of the present application, "non-inert gas" can be understood to mean that the gas can undergo a chemical reaction with said natural gas under normal atmospheric conditions (20 ° C and a pressure of 1 atmosphere) (ie that a chance there is a risk of explosion if that non-inert gas is mixed with natural gas).
    权利要求:
    Claims (32)
    [1]
    Device for compensating for extraction of natural gas (g) from a natural gas field (G), in particular to prevent subsidence of layers and / or earthquakes lying above the natural gas field, comprising: - one or more supply channels (1) adapted to supply compensation gas to the natural gas field; and - one or more compressors, arranged for pressing gas (F) through the one or more supply channels (1), said one or more compressors generating heat during operation, the device being provided with at least one heat reservoir to heat up to be released when the one or more compressors are used.
    [2]
    Device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat reservoir comprises an underground water reservoir or aquifer.
    [3]
    Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compressors comprise air compressors.
    [4]
    Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the device is provided with means (1, 11) for storing energy in the form of rising pressure, for example rising compressed air pressure, in the gas field (G).
    [5]
    Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, provided with at least one electricity generator which is drivable by energy stored in the gas field.
    [6]
    Device according to claim 5, wherein said drive is accompanied by decompression of gas discharged from the gas field (G), wherein the device is adapted to at least partially compensate for a cooling associated with the decompression using heat from the heat reservoir.
    [7]
    Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein during use the device pumps such an amount of non-inert gas (F) via the one or more supply channels (1) into the gas field (G) that the pressure rises a few bar relative to a output pressure and a certain excess pressure in the gas field (G) relative to the output pressure, wherein the energy required to effect said pressure increase comprises excess energy, for example residual flow, from one or more energy generators.
    [8]
    Device according to claim 7, wherein the non-inert gas (F) consists of air.
    [9]
    The device according to claim 8, wherein the air is ambient or vapor loop air.
    [10]
    Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the device is designed for introducing the same amount of non-inert gas (F) per unit time into the gas field (G) as natural gas quantity that can be extracted from the gas field (G) during that time unit.
    [11]
    Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims 1-9, wherein the device is designed for introducing a larger amount of non-inert gas (F) per unit time into the gas field (G) if it is to be removed from the gas field (G) during that unit of time. gain natural gas quantity.
    [12]
    Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device is configured for adding an inert gas (N) as a separation layer between natural gas in the gas field (G) and non-inert gas (F).
    [13]
    Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, provided with at least one gas source (11) which can be coupled to the supply channels (1) and which contains a non-inert gas (F), and further provided with at least one to the supply channels (1) connectable second gas source (12) which contains an inert gas (N), for example nitrogen.
    [14]
    The device of claim 13, wherein the inert gas (N) comprises flue gas.
    [15]
    Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, provided with control means (5) for controlling compensation gas to be fed via the one or more supply channels (1) into the natural gas field (G), preferably control means which are dependent on a natural gas field and / or quantity of natural gas extracted (g).
    [16]
    Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, provided with one or more supply channels (1) from ground level (H) to or / and in the bottom of a natural gas bubble.
    [17]
    Device as claimed in claim 16, wherein compressed vapor circulating air compressors and accessories are coupled to the one or more supply channels (1) at ground level (H) for pressing large quantities of compressed vapor circulating air (F) through said pipes (1).
    [18]
    Device as claimed in claim 16 or 17, provided with a fine-meshed pipe system which is coupled to said supply channel or said supply channels and preferably extends over or in the entire bottom in which there are maximally distributed billions of small outflow openings for the as gradually as possible over the entire bottom of the bubble the natural gas bubble from the supplied compressed vapor loop air.
    [19]
    Device as claimed in any of the claims 1-17, wherein the one or more supply channels (1) are adapted to supply gas to the field at a vertical level above a bottom (B) of the gas field (G).
    [20]
    Device according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein the one or more supply channels (1) are provided with a series of outflow openings (2) for supplying gas to the gas field (G) at different vertical levels.
    [21]
    Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the gas field (G) extends between an underground lower layer (S1) and underground upper layer (S2), and is penetrated through the one or more supply channels (1), wherein during use compensation gas the gas field is passed through the one or more supply channels (1), which the compensation gas reaches both the lower layer and the upper layer, and in particular such that the compensation gas forms a barrier between an outside of each of the one or more supply channels (1) and natural gas in the gas field (g).
    [22]
    A method for storing energy, comprising supplying gas, for example air or nitrogen, to an underground gas field, for example natural gas field, the method comprising: compressing the gas, whereby heat is released during compression, wherein at least a part of the released heat is stored in a heat reservoir.
    [23]
    The method of claim 22, wherein the heat reservoir comprises an underground water reservoir or aquifer.
    [24]
    A method according to claim 22 or 23, wherein compressor heat is used for heating homes and / or buildings.
    [25]
    The method of any one of claims 22-24, comprising discharging compressed gas from the underground gas field to drive an electricity generator.
    [26]
    The method of claim 25, wherein the gas is decompressed, wherein a cooling associated with this decompression is at least partially compensated using heat from the heat reservoir.
    [27]
    The method of claim 26, wherein the decompressed gas is stored.
    [28]
    A method according to any one of claims 22-27, comprising supplying air or nitrogen to the underground gas field.
    [29]
    29. Method as claimed in any of the claims 22-28, comprising: supplying a non-inert compensation gas to the gas field.
    [30]
    The method of claim 29, wherein the compensation gas consists of air.
    [31]
    A method according to claim 29 or 30, wherein an inert compensation gas (N) is supplied to the gas field (G) before a non-inert compensation gas (F) is supplied to the gas field (G), in particular such that the inert compensation gas (N) forms a separation between the natural gas (g) and the non-inert gas (F).
    [32]
    A method according to any one of claims 29-31, wherein the compensation gas completely fills a part of said field (G) extending between a gas field bottom (B) and gas field top (T).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NL2014964B1|2017-01-09|
    NL2014964A|2016-09-26|
    RU2017127767A3|2019-02-15|
    NL2017164B1|2018-09-06|
    RU2684553C2|2019-04-09|
    EP3247875A2|2017-11-29|
    RU2017127767A|2019-02-15|
    EP3247875B1|2020-12-16|
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    IL31440A|1968-02-14|1973-02-28|Lang W|Method and apparatus for increasing the efficiency of electric power generating plants|
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    法律状态:
    2017-02-01| PD| Change of ownership|Owner name: LIANDON B.V.; NL Free format text: DETAILS ASSIGNMENT: CHANGE OF OWNER(S), ASSIGNMENT; FORMER OWNER NAME: NIPPELLNVENTIONS Effective date: 20170123 |
    2017-10-04| PD| Change of ownership|Owner name: ALLIANDER N.V.; NL Free format text: DETAILS ASSIGNMENT: CHANGE OF OWNER(S), ASSIGNMENT; FORMER OWNER NAME: NIPPELLNVENTIONS Effective date: 20170720 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL1041144|2015-01-15|
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